Raised 4-6 children, canned produce from her garden, raised livestock, sewed and laundered clothing(by hand), cleaned with lye and water, often hauled 40kg of water a day, etc. etc. Often in addition to bringing in money via a cottage industry.
She produced approximately 1/2 of what her family consumed.
Over the last century the bread winner has taken over the traditional tasks of the homesteader(now a home-maker). He(or, rarely, she) purchases clothing(previously made by the lady of the house), purchases fruits and vegetables (formerly harvested by the lady of the house), purchases meats (formerly raised, and often slaughtered, by the lady of the house) and also has basically taken over the tasks of cleaning by purchasing automated cleaning devices (such as vacuumes, washer and dryer, dishwasher, etc.)
Good points as usual, Typhonblue.
200 years ago being a homemaker was a back-breaking, full-time job for a lot of people, especially the rural population.
But as society has changed, men are still expected, and brainwashed into, taking on their full traditional responsibilities although this is no longer offset quid pro quo. The propensity on the part of women to "marry up" has remained, but I'm not sure anymore exactly WHAT some of them are offering in return.
What did Heather Mills provide in return for the very high lifestyle that Paul provided for her? Besides sex?
I thnk two important ways to look at it are these:
1. These days, much of what women used to make is now made in factories by wage earners. The things women used to make are bought with the wages.
2. The time needed to maintain a home and family has reduced drastically in the last 100 years and even in the last 50 years. The time spent at a fulltime job has changed little.
Personally, I have come to the conclusion that the situation where one parent stays home while the other works is actually a bum deal for both participants and BOTH are crazy for doing it.
But the good DR is correct in pointing out that women usually have the choice, but even that's an illusion since we're all supposed to be accountable.
Much of it is a throwback to earlier times when we really DID need to have bigger families. For any family with more than one kid, it's because that's what they want -- it has no benefit other than that and once you get past one kid, it becomes almost a necessity that someone stays home.
But we live in a society and an economy where one MUST be able to bring home a wage one way or another. To opt out of that is to not really be able to take care of oneself. To not be able to take care of oneself is to be childish in my mind.
The flipside is that to unilaterally remove oneself daily from the family is to marginalize oneself from the family. The end result of that is total objectification.